Medical Books and Lectures notes - Free downloads

Outline with multiple-choice questions and answers for medical students and includes board-type questions with explanations at the end of the book. Scanned in black and white. # Paperback: 326 pages # Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Second Edition edition (August 15, 1998) # Language: English # ISBN-10: 0683303961 # ISBN-13: 978-0683303964 click here  

Homeostasis - maintains body's internal environment within a set of normal parameters Intrinsic regulation - cell/tissue/organ adjusts itself to environmental change Extrinsic regulation - nervous or endocrine systems adjust cell/tissue/organ to environmental change and coordinate other systems, requires long distance communication Nervous system - rapid, short-term, specific effect, limited targets; gap or synaptic Endocrine system - slower, long-term, broad effect, more targets; chemical messengers Exocrine glands - glandular cells secrete products into ducts Endocrine glands - glandular cells secrete products into ECF around gland Neuroendocrine - secreted by neuron endings into ECF Hormones Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands which are usually carried in the circulatory system

When blood vessels are cut or damaged, the loss of blood from the system must be stopped before shock and possible death occur. This is accomplished by solidification of the blood, a process called coagulation or clotting. A blood clot consists of a plug of platelets enmeshed in a network of insoluble fibrin molecules. Platelet aggregation and fibrin formation both require the proteolytic enzyme thrombin . Clotting also requires: calcium ions (Ca 2+ )(which is why blood banks use a chelating agent to bind the calcium in donated blood so the blood will not clot in the bag). about a dozen other protein clotting factors . Most of these circulate in the blood as inactive precursors. They are activated by proteolytic cleavage becoming, in turn, active proteases for other factors in the system. By tradition, these factors are designated by Roman numerals. I find this somewhat confusing and will use Arabic numerals instead. Initiating the Clotting Process Damaged cells display a